Abstract
The first principle lattice QCD methods allow to calculate the thermodynamic observables at finite temperature and imaginary chemical potential. These can be compared to the predictions of various phenomenological models. We argue that Fourier coefficients with respect to imaginary baryochemical potential are sensitive to modeling of baryonic interactions. As a first application of this sensitivity, we consider the hadron resonance gas (HRG) model with repulsive baryonic interactions, which are modeled by means of the excluded volume correction. The Fourier coefficients of the imaginary part of the net-baryon density at imaginary baryochemical potential – corresponding to the fugacity or virial expansion at real chemical potential – are calculated within this model, and compared with the Nt=12 lattice data. The lattice QCD behavior of the first four Fourier coefficients up to T≃185 MeV is described fairly well by an interacting HRG with a single baryon–baryon eigenvolume interaction parameter b≃1 fm3, while the available lattice data on the difference χ2B−χ4B of baryon number susceptibilities is reproduced up to T≃175 MeV.
Highlights
The Monte Carlo lattice QCD simulations provide the equation of state of the (2 + 1)-flavor strongly interacting matter at zero chemical potential [1,2,3]
Many lattice QCD observables in that temperature range are well described by a simple ideal hadron resonance gas (HRG) model [7,8,9,10]
The non-zero values of the χ2B − χ4B difference were suggested as a possible indicator of deconfinement in [68], our analysis suggests an alternative possibility in terms of repulsive baryonic interactions
Summary
The Monte Carlo lattice QCD simulations provide the equation of state of the (2 + 1)-flavor strongly interacting matter at zero chemical potential [1,2,3]. Many lattice QCD observables in that temperature range are well described by a simple ideal hadron resonance gas (HRG) model [7,8,9,10]. Main methods to circumvent this problem include the reweighting techniques [15,16,17,18], the Taylor expansion around μ = 0 [19,20,21,22], and the analytic continuation from imaginary μ [23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31] These methods have allowed to calculate some thermodynamic features of QCD at small but finite chemical potentials [32,33,34].
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