Reproductive strategy and recruitment dynamics of amphidromous goby Sicyopterus japonicus as revealed by otolith microstructure

Abstract

The daily ages of 312 of 879 newly recruited postlarvae of Sicyopterus japonicus, collected from the Shuang‐Chi Estuary in north‐eastern Taiwan during February 1996 to April 1997, were determined from daily growth increments in their otoliths. Pelagic larval duration, growth rate of the marine larval stage and hatching dates were estimated, and recruitment timing was linked to environmental factors. The mean ±s.d. total length (LT) and daily ages of S. japonicus at recruitment to the estuary were estimated to be 33·95 ± 1·31 mm (range 30·7 to 38·1, n = 317) and 163·72 ± 12·79 days (range 130 to 198, n = 312), respectively. The recruitment of S. japonicus larvae is size dependent not age dependent because LT of the larvae is independent of age at recruitment. Periodic analysis indicated that LT and growth rate of the larvae were inversely correlated with the age at recruitment, which means that the fast‐growing individuals recruited earlier. The growth rate of S. japonicus in the marine larval stage was synchronous with marine productivity in this subtropical area, i.e. the spring cohort recruited in the autumn had a higher growth rate than the autumn cohort recruited the following spring. The main spawning season of S. japonicus as backcalculated from otolith daily increments was in autumn, a relatively low productivity period compared with spring. During this season, there were fewer competitors and predators than in the more productive spring. The recruitment of 95% of postlarva coincided with low salinity (14) and low water temperature (23° C) in the river mouth that provided a buffer area for the adaptation of the larvae for upstream migration. This unique reproduction strategy and prolonged larval duration facilitated the widespread distribution of the fish along the coasts of East Asia.