Abstract
Waste oil from olive oil extraction industry was used, instead of soybean oil, in heavy roosters’ diet in order to evaluate birds’ reproductive parameters. A total of forty roosters were housed individually in boxes with 1.2 m². Two experimental diets were used: control diet, based on corn, soybean meal, and soybean oil; and test diet, where soybean oil was totally replaced by waste oil. In order to verify weight gain and feed intake, animals were individually weighed weekly. Seven semen collections were performed with fifteen-day interval. Reproductive variables analyzed sperm volume, motility, concentration, and morphology. No statistical difference (p > 0.05) was observed between treatments at the different collection periods for the variables sperm volume, motility, and concentration. There was a statistically significant difference between treatments for body weight in periods three (p = 0.04), and seven (p = 0.04). Statistical differences (p = 0.01) were also observed between treatments for abnormal sperm morphology. Among collection periods, statistical difference was observed for motility (p = 0.00), and sperm concentration (p = 0.01). Total replacement of soybean oil by waste oil from olive oil extraction in young heavy roosters’ diets does not affect sperm volume, motility, and concentration; reduces defects in sperm tail, and promotes better weight gain control.
Highlights
Olive trees cultivation and olive oil extraction are practices exploited for thousands of years
Waste oil was collected in February 2017, from an olive oil extraction industry located in southern Brazil; and the experiment was performed from February to June, 2017
Each male was individually housed in Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) boxes, with dimensions of 120 cm of length, 100 cm of width, and 70 cm of height
Summary
Olive trees cultivation and olive oil extraction are practices exploited for thousands of years. It is estimated that approximately 800 million olive trees cover the Mediterranean region, producing about 2 million tons of olive oil and almost 3 million tons of solid waste annually (Khdair, Abu-rumman, & Khdair, 2019; Simonato, Trevisan, Tolve, Favati, & Pasini, 2019). The growth of waste production, and the concern about how and where to reuse these materials, has gone together in companies and organizations worldwide, so that the environment is preserved. Animal nutrition accounts for between 50-70% of total production costs, so industry and producers should be aware of strategies that maximize the efficiency of their business, in order to obtain low-cost animal protein (Alqaisi, Ndambi, & Williams, 2017). Residues generated by the olive industry have a high nutritional value, and can be reused for other purposes, such as animal nutrition. In the absence or scarcity of the major grains, such as corn and soybeans, using alternative foods from industrial processes in animal nutrition acts on the reduction of costs, and on the sustainable destination of these materials (Nunes, Zanine, Machado, & Carvalho, 2007)
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