Abstract
Introduction: High noise exposure during critical periods in gestation is a potential stressor that may result in increased risk of implantation failure, dysregulation of placentation or decrease of uterine blood flow. This paper systematically reviews published evidence on associations between reproductive outcomes and occupational and environmental noise exposure. Methods: The Web of Science, PubMed and Embase electronic databases were searched for papers published between 1970 to June 2014 and via colleagues. We included 14 epidemiological studies related to occupational noise exposure and nine epidemiological studies related to environmental noise exposure. There was some evidence for associations between occupational noise exposure and low birthweight, preterm birth and small for gestational age, either independently or together with other occupational risk factors. Five of six epidemiologic studies, including the two largest studies, found significant associations between lower birthweight and higher noise exposure. There were few studies on other outcomes and study design issues may have led to bias in assessments in some studies. Conclusions: There is evidence for associations between noise exposure and adverse reproductive outcomes from animal studies. Few studies in have been conducted in humans but there is some suggestive evidence of adverse associations with environmental noise from both occupational and epidemiological studies, especially for low birthweight.
Highlights
High noise exposure during critical periods in gestation is a potential stressor that may result in increased risk of implantation failure, dysregulation of placentation or decrease of uterine blood flow
After carefully reading full papers, we found that 12 of them were reviews, 11 papers had different outcomes that defined in inclusion criteria, two papers had results already published in other articles, two papers had very low quality assessment score, and two papers were without noise exposure assessment
We selected 14 epidemiological studies related to occupational noise exposure and 9 epidemiological studies related to environmental noise exposure for this review
Summary
High noise exposure during critical periods in gestation is a potential stressor that may result in increased risk of implantation failure, dysregulation of placentation or decrease of uterine blood flow. This paper systematically reviews published evidence on associations between reproductive outcomes and occupational and environmental noise exposure. Noise from the environment, occupational or residential setting is recognized as a stressor agent with sufficient evidence for impacts on hearing impairment, hypertension and ischemic heart disease, annoyance, sleep disturbance, decreased school performance cardiovascular effects and sleep disturbance. For other effects such as changes in the immune system and birth defects, the evidence is limited [1,2,3].
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