Reproductive health in the People's Republic of China

Abstract

In China reproductive health efforts have been concentrated on maternal-child health and family planning (FP) services because of the enormity of the population problem. The challenge faced by the network of FP programs is to improve quality of care and research is ongoing into 1) conversion of inert to copper IUDs 2) development of long-acting contraceptives and 3) male methods. Abortion is used as a safe backup for failed contraception and drug-induced abortion is becoming popular. Improved contraception and quality of services will lead to reduced abortion rates as will administration of postcoital contraception. Chinas maternal-child health services have led to a reduction in the maternal and infant mortality rates and institution of a Baby-Friendly Hospital Program has improved the quality of maternal care. In some rural settings private efforts to provide maternal care augment those of the government. China still has a long way to go before reaching its goal for reduced maternal and child mortality. Another urgent goal is to provide sex education for adolescents. Incidence of sexually transmitted diseases has been increasing and the potential impact of the HIV epidemic has led to provision of safe sex education to high-risk populations. Another new challenge will be to offer appropriate health care to postmenopausal women to prevent cardiovascular disease osteoporosis and cancer. China will require international and national commitments to meet its reproductive health goals.