Reproductive Health in IBD Patients

Abstract

Many patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are diagnosed in early adulthood, impacting their reproductive health. We discuss the recent data related to fertility, preconception counseling, the safety of IBD medications during pregnancy and lactation, delivery methods, and postpartum care in women with IBD. Additionally, we will review the psychosocial aspects, the effect of IBD, and its treatment on sexual function (SD) and fertility in men. We address the misconceptions around these topics and help the healthcare providers (HCPs) manage these patients appropriately. HCPs play a crucial role in educating their patients about fertility, preconception care, efficacy, and safety of IBD therapies during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The pregnancy outcome improves significantly when the mother has been in remission for 3–6 months before conception. Most IBD therapies are safe during pregnancy and lactation. Reproductive health in men with IBD is often neglected. SD and infertility must be addressed in women and men to achieve the best outcome. Preconception counseling is essential to address reproductive issues in both women and men with IBD. During pregnancy, our main goal is to keep the mother in remission while avoiding adverse effects on the fetus. A multidisciplinary team approach is ideal to improve pregnancy outcomes through collaboration and shared decision-making.