Abstract
Losses due to low reproductive efficiency can economically affect production in a small dairy farm. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of anti-Leptospira, anti-Toxoplasma gondii, and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in dairy cows with history of reproductive problems at a small dairy farm in Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil. The evaluated herd presented with history of abortion and return to estrus. Of the 37 samples analyzed, 10 (27%) were positive in microscopic serum agglutination, with titers ranging from 100 to 400, 21 (56.75%) were positive for Toxoplasma gondii in the indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT), with titers ranging from 16 to 256, and four (10.8%) were positive for Neospora caninum in IIFT, with titers ranging from 25 to 50. No variables were associated with any infection. Leptospirosis, toxoplasmosis, and neosporosis are widespread in herds and may have a negative impact on reproductive parameters of dairy cattle. Periodic serological evaluations are important, as they may guide the choice of preventive disease control measures in the herd and also alert and educate small producers and the local population on the possible presence of zoonoses spread by these infectious agents, in addition, it can be concluded that infectious diseases can have negative implications on the reproductive parameters of dairy cattle causing return to heat and abortion.
Highlights
Brazil has gradually increased milk production in the last decade, growing 43% since 2005 to be the 5th largest milk producer in the world, at 35.17 billion L per year
The aim of this study was to detect the presence of anti-Leptospira, anti-Toxoplasma gondii, and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in dairy cows with history of reproductive problems at a small dairy farm in Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
The objective of this study was to detect anti-Leptospira, antiToxoplasma gondii, and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in dairy cows at a small dairy farm to promote regional development in Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
Summary
Brazil has gradually increased milk production in the last decade, growing 43% since 2005 to be the 5th largest milk producer in the world, at 35.17 billion L per year. In Brazil, Paraná is the 3rd largest milk producer, at 4.5 billion L, with a herd of approximately 1.7 million cows milked daily (Brasil, 2016). Management and adequate health conditions are essential, and reproductive parasitic diseases play a vital role in production efficiency (Castro et al, 2008). The disease causes reproductive disorders, such as infertility, abortions, weak calf syndrome, mastitis/blood in milk, and decreased milk production (Faine et al, 1999; Hashimoto et al, 2012; Santana et al, 2013; Alfieri & Alfieri, 2017). The prevalence of bovine leptospirosis ranges from 13% to 70% in Brazil
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