Abstract
Background and ObjectiveA number of studies have focused on the association between oral contraceptive (OC), hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and reproductive factors and meningioma risk, but the results were inconsistent. Thus, a meta-analysis was performed to obtain more precise estimates of risk.MethodsWe conducted a literature search using PubMed and EMBASE databases to July2013, without any limitations. Random effects models were used to summarize results.ResultsTwelve case-control and six cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. We found that an increased risk of meningioma was associated with HRT use(RR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.01–1.40), postmenopausal women(RR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.07–1.64) and parity(RR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.00–1.40).No significant associations were observed for OC use (RR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.83–1.03), age at menarche(RR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.92–1.21), age at menopause(RR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.81–1.30), or age at first birth(RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.80–1.10).ConclusionIn conclusion, the results of our study support the hypothesis that longer exposure to effect of female sex hormones may increase the risk of meningioma in women, yet additional studies are warranted to confirm our findings and identify the underlying biological mechanisms.
Highlights
Meningiomas are largely benign tumors, which arise from meningothelial cells of the arachnoid membrane and usually have an extended duration of asymptomatic subclinical disease before presentation to medical attention [1]
Some clinical studies reinforced the molecular data: meningioma increases the tumor growth rate during the reproductive life period [9,10], and an association between meningioma and breast cancer has been reported [11,12].In recent years, numerous studies have assessed the relationship between meningioma risk and oral contraceptive (OC), hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and reproductive factors [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28].the results obtained so far were inconsistent and inconclusive
Publication Search PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched with the terms‘‘(‘‘meningioma’’ OR ‘‘brain cancer’’ OR ‘‘brain neoplasms’’ OR ‘‘brain tumor’’) AND (‘‘reproductive factors’’ OR ‘‘menstrual factors’’ OR ‘‘age at menarche’’ OR ‘‘menarche’’ OR ‘‘menstruation’’ OR ‘‘parity’’ OR ‘‘gravidity’’ OR ‘‘pregnancy’’ OR ‘‘breastfeeding’’ OR ‘‘miscarriage’’ OR ‘‘abortion’’ OR ‘‘fertility’’ OR ‘‘age at first birth’’ OR ‘‘age at menopause’’ OR ‘‘menopausal status’’ OR ‘‘climacteric’’ OR ‘‘reproductive history’’ OR ‘‘estrogens’’ OR ‘‘sex hormones’’ OR ‘‘ovariectomy’’ OR ‘‘oophorectomy’’ OR ‘‘hysterectomy’’ OR ‘‘sex differences’’ OR ‘‘hormone’’ OR ‘‘exogenous hormones’’ OR ‘‘exogenous hormones use’’ OR ‘‘oral contraceptives’’ OR ‘‘hormone replacement therapy’’ OR ‘‘menopausal hormone therapy’’) AND (‘‘risk assessment’’ OR ‘‘risk’’ OR ‘‘risk factors’’)’’
Summary
Meningiomas are largely benign tumors, which arise from meningothelial cells of the arachnoid membrane and usually have an extended duration of asymptomatic subclinical disease before presentation to medical attention [1]. Some clinical studies reinforced the molecular data: meningioma increases the tumor growth rate during the reproductive life period [9,10], and an association between meningioma and breast cancer has been reported [11,12].In recent years, numerous studies have assessed the relationship between meningioma risk and OC, HRT and reproductive factors [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28].the results obtained so far were inconsistent and inconclusive. A number of studies have focused on the association between oral contraceptive (OC), hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) and reproductive factors and meningioma risk, but the results were inconsistent. A meta-analysis was performed to obtain more precise estimates of risk
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