Abstract
Virgin female Microtus ochrogaster were exposed to paired and unpaired unfamiliar adult males in semi-natural arenas. Although females were reproductively activated by both types of males, more than twice as many were activated by unpaired (51.6%) as by paired (18.2%) males. Our results suggest that, in natural populations of prairie voles, the proportion of philopatric females becoming reproductive is related to the abundance of unpaired males within the population.
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