REPRODUCTIVE ABILITIES OF MEAT BREEDS OF LIVESTOCK IN THE CONDITIONS OF SOUTH-WEST KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

In the conditions of the sharply continental climate of the Kyzylorda region, the sexual activity of the imported Kalmyk breed from Russia, the Kazakh white-headed breed from the West Kazakhstan region and Santa Gertruda from the Almaty region of heifers and their reproductive ability of first-calf heifers have been established. The signs of sexual maturity depended on their breed characteristics and they first appeared in Kalmyk and Kazakh white-headed heifers, then in 10-12 month old heifers of the Santa Gertruda breed. Hunting in the non-bodied Kalmyk breed was observed from the age of 15 months, in the contemporaries of the Kazakh white-headed breed and the Santa Gertrude breed, they appeared, respectively, at 16-17 and 18-19 months of age and were more pronounced in the first breed. The reproductive capacity of first-calf heifers of these breeds was different. For 100 conditional queens, 68 calves were obtained from the Kazakh white-headed breed, 54 calves from the first-calf heifers of the Santa Gertruda breed, and 84 calves from their peers of the Kalmyk breed, respectively, 18 and 32 more calves per year. At the same time, it was established that the latter have a highly developed maternal instinct, expressed by the protection of the offspring, even by aggressiveness. Differences in the growth rate of young animals of these breeds were also established and they were high (750-780 g per day) than in young animals of these breeds (on average, 650 g per day). Thus, in the conditions of deserts, semi-deserts with a sharply continental climate of the Kyzylorda region, the Kalmyk breed, along with an exceptional ability in a new habitat, also showed a high reproductive ability of offspring with good signs of meat productivity.