Abstract
Reproduction in female Zapus princeps, the western jumping mouse, was studied in relation to age, body size, and energy reserves in the form of fat content. Females were classified as reproductive if embryos, mammary tissue, or placental scars were present. Nonreproductive females were those showing no visible signs of pregnancy or lactation during midsummer, when breeding status could be determined with certainty. Only 9 of 22 (41%) 1-year-old females and 21 of 30 (70%) older females bred. Differences in size between breeders and nonbreeders were attributable to differences in age. Differences in fat content were attributed to size and breeding status, but could not be considered to reflect prebreeding condition. We speculate that the nonbreeding females were those in poor condition following hibernation. Most of these were yearlings.
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