Abstract
The article focuses on the most traditional model of knowledge representation – frame, which is the key to discover the mechanisms for conceptualizing the phenomena of surrounding or text reality. Possible worlds, as text reality, are mental structures that need appropriate interpretation, in particular fictional worlds of the fantasy genre. Such worlds are posited as hyperreal, as they demonstrate the simulation of reality, replacing real by means of the signs of the objective reality – simulacra. The hyperreal world in the fantasy novels of the Earthsea cycle by an outstanding American novelist Ursula Le Guin is objectivized at lexical and phraseological levels, thus, by lexical units-simulacra and phraseological units-simulacra. Such expressive units are to be classified according to their semantics, denoting a person, a place, time and a separate notion. The prevailing number of magic component testified the founding and leading role of this phenomenon for the hyperreal world under investigation. It has been ascertained that phraseological units-simulacra, explicating the slots of the Thing, Action and Comparison Frames, enable to decode the information about the hyperreal world in general, enriching it with attributive and activity characteristics of characters in opposition – a person and a dragon. The proposed representation model of hyperreal fictional world ascertained the results and allowed to reveal the plane of the contents of the author's construct. Thus, phraseological units-simulacra are decoded in the slots of: 1) the Thing Frame (SB/STH is SUCH, SB/STH is (exists) SO, SB/STH is THERE), disclosing information about features and locations of characters; 2) the Action Frame (SB/STH acts UPON, SB/STH acts FOR, SB/STH acts BY MEANS OF), exposing their activity peculiarities; 3) the Comparison Frame (SB/STH is AS (LIKE)), enriching the hyperreal world under investigation with expressive-emotional characteristics.
Highlights
Cognitive Linguistics has recently firmly rooted in the paradigm of contemporary world science any thorough study of language is impossible without a cognitive approach (Croft, Cruse, 2004)
The simulacrum creates the effect of the “wrong reality”, hyperreality, and, by functioning in the text, it creates a special type of hero, world, as well as, outlook
Among authors who have worked in fantasy genre, alongside with its founders Howard and Tolkien, we find the names of Lewis, Martin, Rowling, Howard, Le Guin
Summary
Cognitive Linguistics has recently firmly rooted in the paradigm of contemporary world science any thorough study of language is impossible without a cognitive approach (Croft, Cruse, 2004). There is abundance in definitions of the term “frame” by outstanding linguists (Minskij, 1975; Fillmore, 1985; Zhabotinskaja, 1999; Tannen, 1979; Petruсk, 1996; Nikonova, 2009; Koljadenko, 2018; Kozak, 2007; Novosadska, 2018), as well as concepts related to the theory of frames In his numerous works Fillmore (1985), the founder of the theory of frames, repeatedly referred to the need of taking frames into account (in the sense of Minskij (1975)), who defined the frame as a structure of information data, which reflects acquired knowledge of some stereotypical situation and about the text that describes it) in theories of lexical semantics and text understanding. Fillmore in his most recent works “frame” can be interpreted as: 1) a unit of knowledge, organized around the concept, which contains data on the substantial, typical and possible for this concept within particular culture (Boldyrev, 2000); 2) data structure for stereotypical situations presentation (Minsky, 1975: 211–215); 3) a type of cognitive model representing the knowledge and associated thoughts within specific situations, the structure of knowledge that combines numerous spheres assimilated with a certain linguistic form (Boldyrev, 2000); 4) cognitive structure that exists in the individual phenomenological field, based on presumed knowledge about typical situations, expectations concerning the qualities and relations between real and hypothetical objects (Levickij, 1998: 168)
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