Abstract
This article presents information about the social, religious, and political life of the Mongols of Xinjiang from intelligence reports found in three Russian archives. The main objective of the Mongols of Xinjiang in this period was to attain maximum self-determination, up to independence from China, but retaining the old system of governance. The authority of the clergy to resolve religious matters, and temporal ones as well, was higher than that of lay persons. The Buddhist clergy in Xinjiang was an informal theocratic structure with a charismatic type of power legitimacy.
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