Abstract
In New World primates, mixed-species troops have been reported. Here, we analysed the performance of affiliative and agonistic behaviours of Callithrix jacchus and Callithrix penicillata living in mixed groups. For this purpose, we recorded the interaction of the individuals from two groups located in Bauru city, in the state of São Paulo (Brazil). Our data show that in both groups, affiliative behaviours appeared more frequently than agonistic ones. We concluded that there is cohesion inside the mixed-species troops observed. We suggest that a deeper knowledge about the social behaviour of mixed-species troop species certainly may be useful in projects linked with the management of the impact caused by them.
Highlights
The common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758), and the black tufted-ear marmosets, Callithrix penicillata
There was participation of the infants in all cases of the play behaviour. In both groups, the affiliative behaviours appeared more frequently than the agonistic ones. This indicates that the pattern of primate social structure is maintained with the coexistence of C. jacchus and C. penicillata
The affiliative behaviours form the basis of associations between individuals in the group (Sussman et al, 2005; Sussman and Garber, 2007)
Summary
The common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus (Linnaeus, 1758), and the black tufted-ear marmosets, Callithrix penicillata C. jacchus and C. penicillata are primates native to northeast and central Brazil, respectively, that have been introduced to regions outside their native geographical distribution (Ruiz-Miranda et al, 2000; Pinto et al, 2009). Both species are invading and possibly replacing other species in many regions of eastern Brazil, such as in the states of Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, and Rio de Janeiro (Rylands et al, 2009), reaching the southern by. Biol., 2014, vol 74, no. 3, p. 607-611
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