Reporte de seis casos de eclampsia en un hospital rural de la selva de Chiapas

Abstract

Eclampsia is a relatively rare and unpredictable syndrome ofpregnancy-induced hypertensive disease, characterized bya tonic-clonic seizure state which may or may not presenthypertension or end-organ damage. It complicates approximately 3 out of 1000 pregnancies, with a high incidencein patients of low socioeconomic status and rural areas,women with pre-eclampsia, primiparous teen or multiparous women over 35 years old. We present the report of 6cases of eclampsia that occurred in a first level rural hospitalof attention in the state of Chiapas, located in the heart ofthe Lacandon Jungle. Most of them occurred in primiparousteen patients during labor, which exceeded 40 weeks ofgestation. All were promptly managed with support measures and magnesium sulfate neuroprotection, 5 of themreferred to the second level of the intensive care unit formore comprehensive care, the average length of stay was 2days. No one presented a new seizure. No adverse perinataloutcomes or maternal death were recorded. The pre-eclampsia-eclampsia syndrome is a problem with a high impact on pregnancy and a challenge for all three levels ofcare, but especially for care in rural areas and indigenousareas throughout Mexico, since, due to entrenched customs,patients omit prenatal control, in addition to living in placeswith difficult access to hospitals or clinics.Keywords: Eclampsia; pregnancy; hypertension; neuroprotection; magnesium sulfate; rural areas