Abstract
In this study an unusual combination of arterial, venous and neural variations discovered during dissection of cervical, axillary and brachial area of a cadaver is described. Variations are thoroughly described and literature is briefly reviewed. Lateral cord of brachial plexus was not formed; Eight Cervical root divided into anterior and posterior division before uniting with First Thoracic root and Upper Trunk was unusually short. Axillary artery gave origin to a superficial brachial artery and then continued as deep brachial artery. Multiple variations in typical axillary artery branches were present including existence of inferior pectoral artery. Cephalic vein was absent. A variety of interventions, from relative simple as central venous catheter placement to most complicated as brachial plexus injury repair demand thorough knowledge of area’s regional anatomy. Familiarity with anatomic variations allows more precise and careful interventions. Research on these variations is valuable for anatomists and embryologists but also for clinicians because it may provide useful information for non - typical cases but also helps in raising a high level of suspicion.
Highlights
Anatomy of brachial plexus and axillary artery (AA) is complicated, subjected to a wide variety of variations and of major importance for many pathological and surgical conditions
Taking in consideration its origin, course and branches we considered it a Superficial Brachial Artery (SBA)
The C8 root dividing before uniting with T1 root has a frequency of 3.5% and union of posterior division of Inferior Trunk and PD [Medial Trunk (MT)] before union with PD [Upper Trunk (UT)] accounts for 14%
Summary
Anatomy of brachial plexus and axillary artery (AA) is complicated, subjected to a wide variety of variations and of major importance for many pathological and surgical conditions. In this study an unusual combination of arterial, venous and neural variations concerning axillary and brachial region is described. Variations are analyzed both separately and as a pattern and examined in the light of their clinical and embryological significance. Superficial radial surface of the forearm and brachial region was drained by two veins that had oblique course, upwards and downwards respectively, and ended as branches of the basilica vein (Figure 3). Some of these variations have already been described separately. Has never been described such a combination of arterial and neural variations, not to mention the absence of the CV
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