Abstract
Eddy covariance flux towers measure the exchange of water, energy and carbon fluxes between the land and atmosphere. They have become invaluable for theory development and evaluating land models. However, flux tower data as measured (even after site post-processing) are not directly suitable for land surface modelling due to data gaps in model forcing variables, inappropriate gap-filling, formatting and varying data quality. Here we present a quality-control and data-formatting pipeline for tower data from FLUXNET2015, La Thuile and OzFlux syntheses and the resultant 170-site globally distributed flux tower dataset specifically designed for use in land modelling. The dataset underpins the second phase of the PLUMBER land surface model benchmarking evaluation project, an international model intercomparison project encompassing > 20 land surface and biosphere models. The dataset is provided in the Assistance for Land-surface Modelling Activities (ALMA) NetCDF format and is CF-NetCDF compliant. For forcing land surface models, the dataset provides fully gap-filled meteorological data that has had periods of low data quality removed. Additional constraints required for land models, such as reference measurement heights, vegetation types and satellite-based monthly leaf area index estimates, are also included. For model evaluation, the dataset provides estimates of key water, carbon and energy variables, with the latent and sensible heat fluxes additionally corrected for energy balance closure. The dataset provides a total of 1040 site years covering the period 1992–2018, with individual sites spanning from 1 to 21 years. The dataset is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.25914/5fdb0902607e1 (Ukkola et al., 2021).
Highlights
We present a quality-control and data-formatting pipeline for tower data from FLUXNET2015, La Thuile and OzFlux syntheses and the resultant 170-site globally distributed flux tower dataset designed for use in land modelling
We have presented a quality-controlled flux tower dataset for 170 sites for use in land surface modelling
Whilst the dataset was developed with land surface modelling in mind, it is suitable for other applications requiring a large collection of sites with good quality meteorological data
Summary
The global network of flux towers encompasses >900 sites globally (https://fluxnet.org/), with the longest records spanning over three decades With their increasing spatial and temporal coverage, flux towers have become an invaluable dataset for evaluating process representation in land surface models (LSMs). Flux towers are one of the few data sources to provide measurements at time scales appropriate for diagnosing model process representations, providing high frequency sub-daily (typically 30min) observations. As such, they have enabled model evaluation ranging from sub-diurnal to seasonal and inter-annual scales (Whitley et al, 2016; Williams et al, 2009; Wang et al, 2011; Renner et al, 2021; Blyth et al, 2010; Best et al., 2015). Flux tower data have been instrumental in enabling development of LSMs for extreme events such as drought (Harper et al, 2020; Ukkola et al, 2016; Martínez-de la Torre et al, 2019)
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