Reply on RC3

Abstract

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Assessing or forecasting seismic damage to buildings is an essential issue for earthquake disaster management. In this study, we explore the efficacy of several machine learning models for damage characterization, trained and tested on the database of damage observed after Italian earthquakes (DaDO). Six regression- and classification-based machine learning models were considered: random forest, gradient boosting and extreme gradient boosting. The structural features considered were divided into two groups: all structural features provided by DaDO or only those considered to be the most reliable and easiest to collect (age, number of storeys, floor area, building height). Macroseismic intensity was also included as an input feature. The seismic damage per building was determined according to the EMS-98 scale observed after seven significant earthquakes occurring in several Italian regions. The results showed that extreme gradient boosting classification is statistically the most efficient method, particularly when considering the basic structural features and grouping the damage according to the traffic-light based system used, for example, during the post-disaster period (green, yellow and red). The results obtained by the machine learning-based heuristic model for damage assessment are of the same order of accuracy as those obtained by the traditional Risk-UE method. Finally, the machine learning analysis found that the importance of structural features with respect to damage was conditioned by the level of damage considered.