Reply on RC2

Abstract

Strategies used by marine vertebrates to regulate their body temperature can result in local variations, and the knowledge of these regional heterothermies is crucial for better understanding the thermophysiologies of extant and extinct organisms. In order to investigate regional heterothermy in vertebrates, we analysed the oxygen isotope composition of phosphatic skeletal elements (δ18Op) of two poikilothermic (Atlantic bluefin tuna and swordfish) and three homeothermic endotherms (dolphins). We observed a consistent link between δ18Op variations and temperature heterogeneities recorded by classical methods. Our δ18Op data indicate that: (i) bone hydroxyapatite of the axial skeleton of dolphins mineralize at a warmer temperature than that of the appendicular one, (ii) the skull is the warmest body region in swordfish, and (iii) Atlantic bluefin tuna possesses high body temperature in the skull and visceral mass region. These results demonstrate the possibility of tracking regional heterothermies in extant marine vertebrates using the δ18Op, paving the way to direct assessment of thermophysiological specificities of both living and extinct vertebrates. From a paleoenvironmental perspective, the significant observed δ18Op variability questions the use of some taxa or random skeletal elements for the reconstruction of paleoceanographic parameters such as seawater temperature and δ18O.