Abstract
Global hydrological models that include human activities are powerful tools for assessing water availability and use at global and continental scales. Such models are typically applied at a spatial resolution of 30 arcminutes (approximately 50 km). In recent years, some 5-arcminute (9-km) applications have been reported, but with numerous technical challenges, including the validation of calculations for more than a million grid cells and the conversion of simulation results into meaningful information relevant to water resource management. Here, the H08 global water resources model was applied in two ways to Kyushu Island in Japan at resolution of 1 arcminute (2 km), and the detailed results were compared. One method involved feeding interpolated global meteorological and geographic data into the default global model (GLB; in accordance with previous high-resolution applications). For the other method, locally derived boundary conditions were input to the localized model (LOC; this method can be easily extended and applied to other regions, at least across Japan). The results showed that GLB cannot easily reproduce the historical record, especially for variables related to human activities (e.g., dam operation and water withdrawal). LOC is capable of estimating natural and human water balance components at daily time scales and providing reliable information for regional water resource assessment. The results highlight the importance of improving data preparation and modeling methods to represent water management and use in hyper-resolution global hydrology simulations.
Highlights
550 This study presents a method of validation, localization, and utilization for water resource assessment based on hyperresolution global hydrological data
In terms of the reproducibility of the default H08 model and simulation settings, the detailed validation results indicate highly negative values, suggesting that a simple increase in the spatial resolution of global simulation does not lead to reliable results at the local scale
The results highlighted the importance of water management facilities and water use information
Summary
Several global hydrological models are capable of simulating global water availability and use, including most of these human activities, for the purpose of water management Such models include WaterGAP2 (Alcamo et al, 2003a;Müller Schmied et al, 2020); LPJmL (Rost et al, 2008;Schaphoff et al, 2018); H08 (Hanasaki et al, 2008a;Hanasaki et al, 2018b); WBMplus (Wisser et al, 2010); PCR-GLOBWB (Wada et al, 2011;Sutanudjaja et al, 2018); HiGWMAT 35 (Pokhrel et al, 2012;Shin et al, 2019); VIC5 (Droppers et al, 2020), and CWatM (Burek et al, 2020). Wada et al (2016) applied the PCRGLOBWB model globally at 6-arcminute spatial resolution They estimated sector-wise water usage along with the supply 50 of surface and groundwater, and calculated a conventional water stress index, the ratio of usage to supply. How well can the default global H08 reproduce the hydrology and water 80 management of Kyushu Island? Does localization of the data and model improve the performance? What is the benefit of conducting hyper-resolution hydrological modeling from the viewpoint of water resources management and assessment?
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