Reply on RC2

Abstract

The magnetotail earthward fast flow bursts can transport most of the magnetic flux and energy into the inner magnetosphere. These fast flow bursts are generally an order of magnitude higher than the typical convection speeds, that are azimuthally localized (1–3RE) and are flanked by plasma vortices which map to ionospheric plasma vortices of the same sense of rotation. This study uses multipoint analysis of conjugate magnetospheric and ionospheric observations to investigate the magnetospheric and ionospheric responses to the fast flow bursts that are associated with both substorms and pseudobreakups. We study in detail what properties control the differences in the magnetosphere-ionosphere responses between substorm and pseudobreakup conditions, and how such differences lead to the different ionospheric responses. The fast flow bursts and pseudobreakup events were observed by the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interaction during Substorms (THEMIS), when the satellites were at least 6RE from the Earth in radial distance, and a magnetic local time (MLT) region of ±5 hours from local midnight. The results show that the magnetosphere and ionosphere response to substorm fast flow bursts are much stronger and more structured compared to pseudobreakups, which is more likely to be localized, transient, and weak in the magnetosphere. The magnetic flux in the tail is much stronger for strong substorms and much weaker for pseudobreakup events. The Blobe decreases significantly for substorm fast flow bursts compared to pseudobreakup events. The curvature force density for pseudobreakups are much smaller than substorm fast flow events, indicating that the pseudobreakups may not be able to penetrate deep into the inner magnetosphere. This association can help us study the properties and activity of the magnetospheric earthward flow vortices from ground data.