Reply on RC2

Abstract

Agricultural soil erosion, both mechanical and eolic, may impact cloud processes as some aerosol particles are able to facilitate ice crystals formation. Given the large agricultural sector in Mexico, this study investigates the ice nucleating abilities of agricultural dust collected at different sites and generated in the laboratory. The immersion freezing mechanism of ice nucleation was simulated in the laboratory via the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)- Micro Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI)-Droplet freezing technique (DFT) (UNAM-MOUDI-DFT). The results show that agricultural dust from the Mexican territory promote ice formation in a temperature range from −11.8 ºC to −34.5 ºC, with ice nucleating particle (INP) concentrations between 0.11 L−1 and 41.8 L−1. Furthermore, aerosol samples generated in the laboratory are more efficient than those collected in the field, with T50 values (i.e., the temperature at which 50 % of the droplets freeze) higher by more than 2.9 ºC. The mineralogical analysis indicated a high concentration of feldspars i.e., K-feldspar and plagioclase (> 40 %) in most of the aerosol and soil samples, with K-feldspar significantly correlated with the T50 of particles with sizes between 1.8 µm and 3.2 µm. Similarly, the organic carbon (OC) was correlated with the efficiency of aerosol samples from 3.2 µm to 5.6 µm and 1.0 µm to 1.8 µm. Finally, a decrease in the efficiency as INPs, after heating the samples at 300 ºC for 2 h, evidenced that the organic matter from agricultural soils can influence the role of INPs in mixed-phase clouds.