Reply on RC1

Abstract

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> The Last Interglacial (LIG, ~130&ndash;116 ka) was one of the warmest interglacials of the past 800,000 years and an important test bed for future climate conditions warmer than today. LIG temperature reconstructions from marine records as well as paleoclimate models show that mid and high northern latitudes were considerably warmer by about 2 to 5 &deg;C compared to today. In Central Europe, the LIG has been widely studied using pollen and more recently chironomids preserved in lake sediments. While these bio-archives document temperatures changes across the LIG, they are commonly poorly constrained chronologically. Speleothems, and fluid inclusions contained therein, offer superior age control and provide information on past climate, including qualitative and partly also quantitative records of temperature and precipitation. Here, we present a precisely dated fluid inclusion record based on seven speleothems from two caves in the SE Alps (Obir and Katerloch) and use a &delta;D/T transfer function to reconstruct regional LIG temperatures. We report a temperature change across the glacial/interglacial transition of 5.2 &plusmn; 3.1 &deg;C, and peak temperatures at ~127 ka of 2.4 &plusmn; 2.8 &deg;C above today&rsquo;s mean (1973&ndash;2002). The fluid inclusion &delta;D record of these speleothems exhibits millennial-scale events during the LIG that are not well expressed in the &delta;¹⁸O_calcite. The early LIG in the SE Alps was marked by an important climate instability followed by progressively more stable conditions. Our record suggests that the SE Alps predominantly received Atlantic-derived moisture during the early and mid LIG, while more Mediterranean moisture reached the study site at the end of the LIG, buffering the speleothem &delta;¹⁸O_calcite signal. The return towards colder conditions is marked by an increase in &delta;¹³C starting at ~118 ka indicating a decline of the vegetation and soil activity.