Abstract
A 2D hydrodynamic model is employed to study the characteristics of tidal wave propagation in the Persian Gulf (PG). The study indicates that tidal waves propagate from the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman into the PG through the Strait of Hormuz. The numerical model is first validated using the measured water levels and current speeds around the PG and the principal tidal constituents of Admiralty tide tables. Considering the intermediate width of the PG, in comparison to Rossby deformation radius, the tidal wave propagates like a Kelvin wave on the boundaries. Whereas the continental shelf oscillation resonance of the basin is close to the period of diurnal constituents, the results show that the tide is mixed mainly semidiurnal. A series of numerical tests is also developed to study the various effects of geometry and bathymetry of the PG, Coriolis force, and bed friction on tidal wave deformation. Numerical tests reveal that the Coriolis force, combined with the geometry of the gulf, results in generation of different amphidromic systems of diurnal and semidiurnal constituents. The configuration of the bathymetry of the PG, with a shallow zone at the closed end of the basin that extends along its longitudinal axis in the southern half (asymmetrical cross section), results in the deformations of incoming and returning tidal Kelvin waves and consequently the shifts of amphidromic points (APs). The bed friction also results in the movements of the APs from the centerline to the south border of the gulf.
Highlights
Understanding the dynamics of tides is essential to improve the performance of systems dealing with water level fluctuations, e.g., navigation, coastal engineering projects, fishing, and generation of tidal energy
The derived constituents from the model results were comparable with the observations of the UK Hydrographic Office (Admiralty) and shallow water constituents were similar to the extracted constituents out of measurements
Series of numerical tests were carried out to study the effects of the governing factors, i.e., geometry and bathymetry, Coriolis force, and bed roughness on 425 tidal wave propagation in the Persian Gulf (PG)
Summary
Understanding the dynamics of tides is essential to improve the performance of systems dealing with water level fluctuations, e.g., navigation, coastal engineering projects, fishing, and generation of tidal energy. Pous et al (2013) applied a 2D shallowwater model over the northwestern Indian Ocean, forced by seven tidal components at the southern boundary, to derive the cotidal/co-range charts of harmonic constituents of the PG They presented velocities of tidal currents, residual tidal currents, and form factor over the PG. Implementing the 2D shallow-water model of VOMSW2d (Backhaus, 2008), Mashayekh Poul (2016) presented the co-tidal/co-range charts, maximum velocities, tidal ellipses, and kinetic power energy for the PG using 13 tidal constituents at the open boundary in the Gulf of Oman. They studied the resonance characteristics of the PG tide by a numerical model, ascertained with 33 runs with different periods. The PG’s natural period of waves is calculated as 22.6 and 21.7 hours based on the Japanese and Chrystal methods, respectively (Defant, 1961)
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