Abstract

We present the Water Ecosystems Tool (WET) – a new generation of an open source, highly customizable aquatic ecosystem model. WET is a completely modularized aquatic ecosystem model, developed in the syntax of the Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Models (FABM), which enables coupling to multiple physical models ranging from zero to three dimensions, and is based on the FABM-PCLake model. The WET model has been extensively modularized, empowering users with flexibility of food web configurations, and also incorporates model features from other state-of-the-art models, with new options for nitrogen fixation and vertical migration. With the new structure, features and flexible customization options, WET is suitable in a wide range of aquatic ecosystem applications. We demonstrate these new features and their impacts on model behavior for a temperate lake for which a model calibration of the FABM-PCLake model was previously published, and discuss the benefits of the new model.

Highlights

  • We present the Water Ecosystems Tool (WET) - a new generation of an open source, highly customizable aquatic ecosystem model

  • We have been mostly concerned with demonstrating the features of WET, the ability to model diel vertical migration (DVM) will be essential in many applications worldwide, especially large and deep lakes across the globe, as well as in many marine or estuarine environments, and in such cases the modeler will often have to rely on studies that target zooplankton DVM in similar environments

  • A large step towards more realistic model representation has been taken in WET, with the 345 removal of the unrealistic absence of movement between model layers in its predecessor FABM-PCLake model

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Summary

Introduction

The study and management of aquatic ecosystems have benefitted widely from the ongoing development of various numerical model approaches to a host of ecological questions (Soares and Calijuri, 2021). The model has proved useful in a range of case studies, exploring different management and climate scenarios (e.g. Janssen et al, 2015; Mooij et al, 2010; Rolighed et al, 2016), and given the fact that it is open source, it has become a starting point for the development of more specialized models, as is apparent from the numerous versions that have arisen over the last decades. Such parallel development is a sign of the general success of the original model, but is unfortunate, as it risks multiple ‘re-inventions of the 45 wheel’ (Trolle et al, 2012) along the way. We refer to Hu et al (2016) and Janse (2005; 1992; 1995) for a detailed description of the basic equations governing the biogeochemical processes and food web dynamics, since these are unchanged, even though the model code has been rewritten and reorganized

Modularization of the food web
Primary producers
Heterotrophic modules
Linking fish instances into a pseudo stage structure
Phytoplankton nitrogen fixation
Vertical movement algorithms
Phytoplankton module
Zooplankton & Fish modules 225
Study site and model configuration 260 The shallow Lake Bryrup is located in the
Model calibration and validation The GOTM-WET model for Lake
Phytoplankton modularity As in Chen et al (2020), the WET recalibrated Lake
Phytoplankton vertical mobility
Zooplankton vertical mobility
Conclusion and future work
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