Abstract
This description paper presents a detailed and consistent estimate and analysis of exhaust pollutant emissions generated by Chile's road transport activity for the period 1990–2020. The complete database for the period 1990–2020 is available at doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/z69m8xm843.2. Emissions are provided at high-spatial resolution (0.01° × 0.01°) over continental Chile from 18.5 S to 53.2 S, including local pollutants (CO, VOC, NOx, MP2.5), black carbon (BC) and greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4). The methodology considers 70 vehicle types, based on ten vehicle categories, subdivided into two fuel types and seven emission standards. Vehicle activity was calculated based on official databases of vehicle records and vehicle flow counts. Fuel consumption was calculated based on vehicle activity and contrasted with fuel sales, to calibrate the initial dataset. Emission factors come mainly from COPERT 5, adapted to local conditions in the 15 political regions of Chile, based on emission standards and fuel quality. While vehicle fleet has grown fivefold between 1990 and 2020, CO2 emissions had followed this trend at a lower rate and emissions of local pollutants have decreased, due to stricter abatement technologies, better fuel quality and enforcement of emission standards. In other words, there has been decoupling between fleet growth and emissions’ rate of change. Results were contrasted with EDGAR datasets, showing similarities in CO2 estimations and striking differences in PM, BC and CO; in the case of NOx and CH4 there is coincidence only until 2008. In all cases of divergent results, EDGAR estimates higher emissions.
Highlights
30 Building and updating emission inventories provides key information for designing and evaluating public policies concerning topics relevant for the inhabitants of cities' quality of life, the environment and for mitigation of climate change (Kuenen et al, 2014; Creutzig et al, 2015)
Results were contrasted with EDGAR datasets, showing similarities in CO2 estimations and striking differences in PM, black carbon (BC) and CO; in the case of NOx and CH4 there is coincidence only until 2008
This paper describes an original dataset for transport emission in Chile between 1990 and 2020, spatially distributed at 0.01o 405 x 0.01o
Summary
30 Building and updating emission inventories provides key information for designing and evaluating public policies concerning topics relevant for the inhabitants of cities' quality of life, the environment and for mitigation of climate change (Kuenen et al, 2014; Creutzig et al, 2015). In international and national experiences, the construction of reliable emission inventories for road transport has been a bottleneck in mapping the emissions in cities (Zheng et al, 2014) These difficulties occur due to two main reasons: the lack of disaggregated data at a level to construct detailed inventories, and the many variables to 35 consider when modelling emissions, increasing the uncertainty in the estimation of total emissions (Bond et al, 2004; Tolvett et al, 2016). In the case of Santiago, Chile's capital, there are good examples of the use of local data to analyse the impact of emissions on air pollution (Mazzeo et al, 2018), health benefits of policy scenarios (Mena-Carrasco et al, 2012), and for retrospective evaluation of the evolution of mobility and air quality, relating them to policy measures (Gallardo et al, 2018). EDGAR V4.3.2 covers only between 1970 and 2012, and recently until 2015 (Crippa et al, 2019a; Crippa et al, 2019b)
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