Reply on EC1

Abstract

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> The introduction of innovative technologies in agriculture is key not only to improving the efficiency of agricultural production, crop yields, and quality but also to balancing energy use and preserving a cleaner environment. Biopreparations are environmentally friendly means of restoring the vitality of the soil on which plants can thrive. Biopreparations have an impact on soil health and alter greenhouse gas emissions. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of different biopreparation formulations on soil physical properties and CO₂ emissions from the soil by establishing correlations. The experimental studies were carried out over three years, and each spring, after the resumption of winter crops, the soil surface was sprayed with biopreparations of different properties or mixtures of biopreparations, under 7 scenarios, with one scenario left as a control. Soil porosity, temperature, and CO₂ emissions from the soil were measured regularly every month from April to August. The application of the biopreparations showed a cumulative effect on the soil properties. In the third year of the study, the total porosity of the soil was higher in all scenarios compared to the control, ranging between 51 % and 74 %. The aeration porosity of the soil was also higher in all years of the study than in the control, although no significant differences were obtained. The results of the studies on CO₂ emissions from the soil showed that in the first year, the application of the biopreparations increases emissions compared to the control. However, when assessing the cumulative effect of the biopreparations on soil respiration intensity, it was found that in the third year, most of the biopreparations led to a reduction in CO₂ emissions compared to the control. The lowest emissions were achieved with the biopreparations consisting of essential oils of plants, 40 species of various herbs extracts, marine algae extracts, <em>Azospirillum sp.</em>, <em>Frateuria aurentia</em>, <em>Bacillus megaterium</em>, mineral oils, <em>Azotobacter vinelandi</em>, humic acid, gibberellic acid, sodium molybdate, azototbacter chroococcum, azospirillum brasilense, etc.