Abstract
The consideration of marine biogeochemistry is essential for simulating the carbon cycle in an Earth system model. Here we present the implementation and evaluation of a marine biogeochemical model, Model of Oceanic Pelagic Stoichiometry (MOPS) in the Flexible Ocean and Climate Infrastructure (FOCI) climate model. FOCI-MOPS enables the simulation of marine biological processes, the marine carbon, nitrogen and oxygen cycles, air-sea gas exchange of CO2 and O2, and simulations with prescribed atmospheric CO2 or CO2 emissions. A series of experiments covering the historical period (1850–2014) were performed following the DECK (Diagnostic, Evaluation and Characterization of Klima) and CMIP6 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6) protocols. Overall, modelled biogeochemical tracer distributions and fluxes, as well as transient evolution in surface air temperature, air-sea CO2 fluxes, and changes of ocean carbon and heat, are in good agreement with observations. Modelled inorganic and organic tracer distributions are quantitatively evaluated by statistically-derived metrics. Results of the FOCI-MOPS model, also including sea surface temperature, surface pH, oxygen (100–600 m), nitrate (0–100 m), and primary production, are within the range of other CMIP6 model results. Overall, the evaluation of FOCI-MOPS indicates its suitability for Earth climate system simulations.
Highlights
15 The strongest anthropogenic forcing on the Earth system during the last century has been a rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions (IPCC, 2019)
70 For the implementation in Flexible Ocean and Climate Infrastructure (FOCI), Model of Oceanic Pelagic Stoichiometry (MOPS) has been complemented with a carbon cycle that includes biological uptake and remineralisation effects on dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity (ALK), and the effects of formation and dissolution of calcite on these two tracers
375 In this study we present the implementation and evaluation of the marine biogeochemistry component coupled to FOCI
Summary
15 The strongest anthropogenic forcing on the Earth system during the last century has been a rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations due to anthropogenic CO2 emissions (IPCC, 2019) About half of those emissions are currently taken up by the terrestrial biosphere and the ocean (Friedlingstein et al, 2020; Sabine et al, 2004; Gruber et al, 2019), shared to about equal proportion. On land, increasing temperatures limit plant growth in low latitudes 25 and enhance the decomposition of organic matter (Pugnaire et al, 2019; Lin et al, 2010; Sarmiento and Gruber, 2002). Those mechanisms are expected to lead to a weakening of the terrestrial and marine sinks for the extra carbon arising from human activity, but a detailed quantitative understanding is still lacking. We discuss the variability among ensemble members of each set-up and the differences between CO2-concentration-driven and CO2-emission-driven experiments
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