Replicative conformation of parental nucleosomes: salt sensitivity of deoxyribonucleic acid-histone interaction and alteration of histone H1 binding.

Abstract

The transiently altered DNA-histone interaction of parental chromatin during replication was studied by micrococcal nuclease digestion. A large amount of nuclease-resistant pulse-labeled DNA and a small fraction of nonreplicating DNA are released from chromatin fragments by treatment with 0.5 M NaCl and appear as protein-free DNA. As shown by reconstitution experiments, the salt sensitivity of digested nascent chromatin is most probably a consequence of the shorter DNA fragment size (55 +/- 15 base pairs) in these complexes. This new DNA is associated with parental chromatin fragments which are structurally changed in such a way that parts of nucleosomal DNA were more susceptible to nuclease attack. The core histones of these particles are probably not distinct from those of salt-stable nucleosomes. However, histone H1 and probably high-mobility group proteins appear to be more weakly bound during replication as shown by electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. The results agree with the assumption that the transient alteration of nucleosomal conformation describes a state in which DNA could be replicated without leaving the associated core histone complexes. A possible attachment of pulse-labeled chromatin with nuclear matrix is discussed.