Abstract

This article defines the terms ‘replication’ and ‘replication study’ and notes the importance of replication to all the sciences and especially to the social and behavioral sciences. Three factors affecting the value of any particular replication are described as (a) when, (b) how, and (c) by whom the replications are conducted. Special attention is given to the problem of ‘correlated replicators,’ i.e., the degree to which replications are not independent of one another because the researchers are not independent of one another. The meaning of ‘successful replication’ is discussed, and the traditional view of replication success is contrasted with the newer view that bases its evaluation on a continuous rather than a dichotomous view of successful replication, and that is based on effect sizes primarily rather than on statistical significance.

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