Abstract
To determine dietary effects on circulating lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity and enzyme activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), 99 patients with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or newly-diagnosed T2D were randomly assigned to either a control group (usual diet with refined rice) or the whole grain and legume group. Substitution of whole grains and legumes for refined rice was associated with the replacement of 7% of energy from carbohydrates with energy from protein (about 4%) and fat. After 12 weeks, the whole grain and legume group showed a significant decrease in fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, hemoglobin A1c, malondialdehyde, plasma Lp-PLA2 activity, and oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), and an increase in LDL particle size. The changes (Δs) in these variables in the whole grain and legume group were significantly different from those in controls after adjustment for the baseline levels. When all subjects were considered, Δ plasma Lp-PLA2 positively correlated with Δ glucose, Δ PBMC Lp-PLA2, Δ ox-LDL, and Δ urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α after being adjusted for confounding factors. The Δ PBMC Lp-PLA2 correlated positively with Δ glucose and Δ ox-LDL, and negatively with Δ LDL particle size and baseline PBMC Lp-PLA2 The substitution of whole grains and legumes for refined rice resulted in a reduction in Lp-PLA2 activities in plasma and PBMCs partly through improved glycemic control, increased consumption of protein relative to carbohydrate, and reduced lipid peroxides.
Highlights
To determine dietary effects on circulating lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity and enzyme activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), 99 patients with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or newly-diagnosed T2D were randomly assigned to either a control group or the whole grain and legume group
The 12 week intervention with the substitution of whole grains and legumes for refined rice was associated with substantial improvement in glucose and insulin metabolism as well as reduction in circulating and PBMC Lp-PLA2 activities
The positive and independent association between change in plasma Lp-PLA2 activity and change in fasting glucose suggests that improving glycemic control can reduce circulating Lp-PLA2 activity without significant changes in lipid profiles in patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or newly-diagnosed T2D
Summary
To determine dietary effects on circulating lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity and enzyme activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), 99 patients with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or newly-diagnosed T2D were randomly assigned to either a control group (usual diet with refined rice) or the whole grain and legume group. According to the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES V-1), carbohydrate-derived calories account for 65% of total caloric intake, and cooked refined rice is the major source of carbohydrates in middle-aged adults Because of this high carbohydrate intake, Abbreviations: BP, blood pressure; ⌬, change; 8-epi-PGF2␣, 8-epiprostaglandin F2␣; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C reactive protein; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; IL, interleukin; Lp-PLA2, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2; MDA, malondialdehyde; ox-LDL, oxidized LDL; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; sPLA2, secretory phospholipase A2; WHR, waist and hip ratio. We sought to determine the effects of dietary intervention (replacement of refined rice with whole grains and legumes and a high intake of vegetables) on circulating Lp-PLA2 activity and enzyme activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or newly diagnosed T2D
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