Abstract
The problem of how to replace the funct ion of the urinary bladder when it has to be removed or has been rendered useless or dangerous by disease has been investigated by urological surgeons for over a century. Solutions initially included simple anastomosis of the ureters to the rectosigmoid colon I or the creation of simple intestinal conduits connect ing ureters to skin. More recently urologists have undertaken reconstruct ion of the bladder with intestinal segments, the formation of cont inent diversions (figure 1), or more complex types of ureterosigmoid anastomosis. 2 Work continues on more esoteric solutions, such as completely artificial bladders.
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