Replacement of dietary saturated FAs by PUFAs in diet and reverse cholesterol transport

I Kralova Lesna,P Suchanek,J Kovar,P Stavek,R Poledne

doi:10.1194/jlr.m800271-jlr200

I Kralova Lesna, P Suchanek + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.m800271-jlr200

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Abstract

Dietary intervention is the first and usually successful approach in the treatment of high LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration, but it is frequently accompanied by a decrease in HDL concentration. We studied 14 male volunteers on two different diets, high saturated fatty acid (SFA) and high PUFA, in a crossover design to test whether a decrease in HDL can affect reverse cholesterol transport from relabeled macrophages. A significant decrease of LDL-C (in mmol/l) after a PUFA diet compared with an SFA diet from 3.15 +/- 0.65 to 2.80 +/- 0.56 (P < 0.01) was accompanied by a significant decrease of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) (in mmol/l) from 1.21 +/- 0.30 to 1.10 +/- 0.32 (P < 0.05). These changes did not affect cholesterol efflux (CHE) from macrophages (9.74 +/- 1.46% vs. 9.53 +/- 1.41%). There was no correlation between individual changes of HDL-C and changes of CHE. It is concluded that the decrease of HDL-C after successful dietary intervention of LDL-C is not accompanied by a decrease of CHE.

Highlights

Dietary intervention is the first and usually successful approach in the treatment of high LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration, but it is frequently accompanied by a decrease in HDL concentration
Coronary heart disease (CHD) due to atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries is the main cause of mortality in the Western world [1]
One of the typical phenotypes associated with increased risk of CHD includes increased LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and reduced concentrations of HDL

Summary

Introduction

Dietary intervention is the first and usually successful approach in the treatment of high LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration, but it is frequently accompanied by a decrease in HDL concentration. Meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials [4], focused on the effects of dietary FAs, clearly demonstrated a significant decrease in LDL concentration when saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in a diet were replaced with unsaturated FAs, and this decrease was accompanied by a significant decrease in HDL concentration. It is not clear whether such a decrease of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) con-. Despite the fact that RCT from macrophages contributes only a little to the whole centripetal transport of cholesterol, this pathway is crucial [11], inasmuch as accumulation of esterified cholesterol in these cells is one of the first features of atherosclerosis

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