Abstract
Introduction Most repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) studies aiming to reduce auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia target the left temporo-parietal junction (TPJ), but the efficacy of this approach remains controversial. The observed differences in efficacy could be attributed to inaccurate target localization. The two possible approaches for rTMS target localization are the Standardized Target (ST) T3P3 method and the Personalized Target (PT) method including functional or anatomical brain imaging. Recent large, parallel, double-blinded and sham-controlled studies delivering rTMS with individualized neuronavigation over Wernicke's region showed consistent improvements in AVH. Methods The purpose of this study is to compare ST and PT locations within the left TPJ. An open-source tool (GeodesicSlicer) was developed to compare the geodesic distances between stimulation site determination methods. Results This study reports a differential of approximately 3 cm between personalized and standardized methods, with the potential to explain the dissonant results found in previous rTMS studies.
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