Abstract
Abstract Long overlooked because of its near illegibility, this draft of a letter sent by Llywelyn ab Iorwerth to Stephen de Segrave around midsummer 1230 illuminates the complex dynastic and political problems Llywelyn faced in the wake of the execution of William de Braose for his adultery with the prince's wife Joan. The affair and the subsequent execution created tensions between Llywelyn and the princes of southern Wales, as well as jeopardizing his good relations with the royal government and the Braose family, with whom Llywelyn had been negotiating a marriage for his son Dafydd. The letter underscores the importance of family ties in Llywelyn's diplomatic policies, and reveals the failure of the royal government, preoccupied by continental ambitions and distracted by factional dispute, to respond effectively to dangerous developments on the Welsh March. These unresolved tensions and royal inattention ultimately led to the outbreak of war in south Wales in 1231.
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