Abstract
Several studies have reported the use of fibrinolytic therapy to re-establish the patency of arterio-venous shunts and fistulas in patients undergoing chronic maintenance hemodialysis [1–7]. In recent years the indwelling Hickman central–venous catheter has been employed as a temporary or permanent access device in patients when more conventional access becomes impossible or when immediate needs for dialysis preclude other alternatives [8]. As with other forms of vascular access, thrombosis and infection remain common problems with these newer devices [9–13].
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