Abstract
This study aimed to detect genotypic differences in the resistance to sprouting of wheat grains, evaluate the effectiveness of different methods for inducing sprouting and identify, using repeatability estimates, the minimum number of spikes necessary for the adequate evaluation of the percentage of grain sprouting in the spike in order to assist in the selection of superior genotypes in breeding programs. Spikes from four wheat cultivars (Frontana, IPR Catuara, Quartzo and BRS 220) were evaluated using three methods for inducing grain sprouting in the spike (water immersion, rainfall simulation and germination chamber). To determine the most efficient method, repeatability coefficients were estimated through analysis of variance, principal components analysis and structural analysis based on correlation and covariance matrices. The induction of sprouting by immersion in water was the most effective method for indicating genotypic differences and may be used in breeding programs for this purpose. The repeatability method based on the components of covariance was more efficient. A minimum of 11 spikes is required to make a high-reliability estimate of the percentage of sprouted grains in the spike.
Highlights
The environmental conditions in the areas where wheat is growing in Brazil favor the occurrence of rainfall in the harvest period, which in most cultivars may cause a high loss in germination potential and industrial qualityHow to cite this paper: Pagliosa, E.S., et al (2014) Repeatability of Pre-Harvest Sprouting in Wheat
This study aimed 1) to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods for inducing sprouting in spikes with genotypic differences in the resistance to sprouting and 2) to obtain repeatability estimates using different statistical methods to identify the minimum number of spikes necessary for the proper evaluation of the percentage of grain sprouting in the spike
The analysis of variance (Table 1) was significant (p < 0.05) for the interaction between the induction of sprouting and genotypes only regarding the percentage of grain sprouting per spike (S %)
Summary
The environmental conditions in the areas where wheat is growing in Brazil favor the occurrence of rainfall in the harvest period, which in most cultivars may cause a high loss in germination potential and industrial qualityHow to cite this paper: Pagliosa, E.S., et al (2014) Repeatability of Pre-Harvest Sprouting in Wheat. The environmental conditions in the areas where wheat is growing in Brazil favor the occurrence of rainfall in the harvest period, which in most cultivars may cause a high loss in germination potential and industrial quality. The process of grain sprouting in the spike can be influenced by the dormancy period of the cultivars [3]. The sprouting of wheat grains in the spike is induced by the absorption of water by the grains immediately after full maturation. This problem affects both rural and industrial producers because it reduces the potential yield of crops, negatively affecting hectoliter weight [4]. Sprouting reduces the market value of the grain because, depending on the level of sprouting, the grain becomes suitable only for animal consumption and cannot be used for flour production or any other application in the food industry [1]
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