Repeatability of cough-related variables during fog challenges at threshold and suprathreshold stimulus intensity in humans

Abstract

The Fas receptor (FasR) and the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 55/60 kDa (TNFR1) are recognized as apoptosis signalling receptors. They are known to be expressed by lymphocytes in association with immune regulation and immunological disorders. This study aimed to investigate the expression of FasR and TNFR1 by alveolar macrophages (AM) in patients with sarcoidosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in 12 patients with active sarcoidosis and 11 control subjects. BAL cells were characterized by monoclonal antibodies using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. Both FasR and TNFR1 were expressed on a higher percentage of AM in sarcoidosis with respect to control subjects (mean +/-sem 40.8+/-3.1% versus 14.9+/-1.7%, p<0.001 and 61.9+/-3.3% versus 23.1+/-4.1%, p<0.001, respectively). There was a close relationship between the expression of FasR and TNFR1 on AM (r = 0.86, p<0.001). The percentages of FasR+ AM and TNFR1+ AM were in direct proportion to the percentage of BAL lymphocytes (r = 0.75 and 0.84), the CD4/CD8 ratio (r = 0.78 and 0.78), and the percentage of the CD14+ AM subset (r = 0.77 and 0.87), p<0.001 for all correlations. This study indicates that alveolar macrophages expressing apoptotic receptors are increased in patients with active sarcoidosis. Further studies are required to determine whether these alveolar macrophages from patients with sarcoidosis undergo apoptosis more readily than those from control subjects.