Abstract
To analyze the intrasession and intersession repeatability of contrast sensitivity (CS) measurements in patients with glaucoma, cataract, or age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and healthy controls. CS measurements were performed using the OPTEC-Functional Vision Analyzer (FVA), which uses a standardized and closed (view-in) system. Measurements for patients with glaucoma, cataract, or AMD and healthy controls were repeated within 30 minutes (intrasession) and during two sessions (intersession), separated by one week to one month. Test-retest reliability and correlation were measured using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of repeatability (COR). Ninety subjects (90 eyes) with visual acuity of 0.17 logMAR or higher in the cataract group or 0.00 logMAR in the other groups were included. During the first session, the ICC values were 0.87, 0.90, 0.76, and 0.69, and COR values were 0.24, 0.20, 0.38, and 0.25 for the control, glaucoma, cataract, and AMD groups, respectively. The reliability scores significantly improved during the second session, except in the glaucoma group. There was an acceptable floor effect and no ceiling effect at higher frequencies in the glaucoma and AMD groups. In subjects with good visual acuity, the FVA system is useful for evaluating CS and demonstrates good repeatability, as shown by ICC and COR. Because there is no ceiling effect, this system is beneficial for evaluation of early changes in CS, particularly in patients with glaucoma or AMD.
Highlights
Contrast sensitivity (CS) is the ability to recognize small differences in luminance or differentiate two objects from each other and the background[1,2]
This study investigates the repeatability of the closed system Functional Vision Analyzer (FVA) CS test in control subjects and in patients with glaucoma, cataracts and good Snellen visual acuity, or age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
The reliability of the CS test in the control, glaucoma, cataract, and AMD groups were good at the first session (ICC: 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84 -0.9], 0.90 [CI 0.84 -0.96], 0.76 [CI 0.65 -0.87], and 0.69 [CI 0.59 -0.79], respectively; and coefficient of repeatability (COR) 0.24, 0.20, 0.38, and 0.25, respectively)
Summary
Contrast sensitivity (CS) is the ability to recognize small differences in luminance or differentiate two objects from each other and the background[1,2]. CS is an important part of functional vision that is related to many activities of daily living and measuring it is one of the best ways to assess vision quality[3,4,5]. Recent advances in knowledge about refractive surgery, optical tissues, and glaucoma and macular diseases revealed that the Snellen acuity test is inadequate for early detection of eye diseases and measurement of functional vision[6,10,11,12]. Cataract, and AMD patients suffer from problems in vision-related activities of daily living and the inability to recognize targets in real world, which can be better identified by CS tests than by visual acuity tests[14,16,17,18]. The increasing importance of visual quality and the need for accurate measurement of visual acuity has led to more interest in CS tests[12,19,20,21]
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