Abstract
: Jucara is a plant that occurs in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest which presents high ecological importance to the biodiversity and is present on the list of endangered species. The fruits are known as super fruits because they present chemical characteristics of great importance. Due to its elevated economic importance and for the low number of researches with this species, the first step is to make the pre-breeding of the species. This consists in morphological characterization, which is very dependent on time and labour. Thus, the decrease of the number of evaluated measurements by individual is of great importance to the phases of pre-breeding and breeding. The objective of this work was to obtain estimates of the coefficients of repeatability and determination of six Euterpe edulis fruit characteristics to enable the prediction of the necessary number of measurements required to achieve given levels of certainty for the real values for each of the six fruit characteristics. The performances of various methods for repeatability estimation were compared. The characteristics longitudinal diameters of the fruits, longitudinal diameters of the seeds, equatorial diameters of the fruits, equatorial diameters of the seeds, fruit weights and seed weights of jucara palm fruits were measured, and the deviances, the coefficients of repeatability, the coefficients of determination, and the necessary numbers measurements for an accurate prediction of the real value of the population were estimated. The methods used do not differ as to estimate the repeatability coefficient to the longitudinal diameter characteristics of the fruit, seed equatorial diameter, fruit mass and seed mass. With 95% reliability is possible to use four (4) for mass measurements of fruit and five (5) measurements for longitudinal diameter of fruit, seed equatorial diameter, fruit mass and seed mass.
Highlights
The juçara palm (Euterpe edulis Martius) is a native species of the Atlantic forest (CEMBRANELI et al, 2009) of significant ecological and economic importance (GATTI et al, 2011)
The pulp of jucara fruits is characterized by high levels of functional compounds and antioxidants, which classifies the juçara as a “super fruit” (SANTOS et al 2014)
The deviance analysis was performed using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method, employing a basic repeatability model that assumes the absence of design effects and can be written in matrix form according to equation [1], with the distribution of the mean [2] and the variances [3] and [4] (Resende, 2002a): y = Xm + Zp + ε [1]
Summary
The juçara palm (Euterpe edulis Martius) is a native species of the Atlantic forest (CEMBRANELI et al, 2009) of significant ecological and economic importance (GATTI et al, 2011). To obtain higher juçara fruit yields, the cultive of more highly adapted and productive genotypes is required. This thorough step involves activities such as the harvesting of genotypes and the identification desirable traits, genes, or sets of genes in the available germplasm (MANFIO et al, 2011). This study aimed to obtain estimates of the coefficients of repeatability and of determination to predict the required number of measurements required to provide a given certainty level for estimate of the values in biometric analysis of the E. edulis individuals. The methods for estimating the coefficient of repeatability were compared by evaluating six characteristics of E. edulis fruit. The deviance analysis was performed using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method, employing a basic repeatability model that assumes the absence of design effects and can be written in matrix form according to equation [1], with the distribution of the mean [2] and the variances [3] and [4] (Resende, 2002a):
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