Abstract
Direct pulp capping process is a therapeutic method aimed at maintenance of pulp vitality and health by using a biocompatible material placed directly over the exposed pulp. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of direct pulp capping procedures by dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) or calcium hydroxide on dentin tissue formation. Three mongrel dogs were used as experimental model. Two access cavities were prepared in the right and left mandibular fourth premolars in all dogs to expose and extirpate the pulp tissues which were processed in the lab to obtain a single-cell suspensions. The isolated cells were cultures in odontogenic medium for subsequent differentiation. The maxillary teeth (3 incisors and one canine) of the corresponding dog number were subjected to class V cavities to expose their pulps which were assigned into 2 groups of 12 teeth each ( group I - pulp capping with calcium hydroxide) and (group II - pulp capping with dental stem cells DPSCs). The operated teeth were collected after 3 months and processed for histological and electron microscopic examinations. Specimens were subjected to elemental analysis of calcium and phosphorus. EDX elemental analysis revealed significant differences in the calcium and phosphorous wt, % in the reparative dentin of calcium hydroxide treated group which confirmed histologically. Direct pulp capping by DPSCs has shown promising generative potential for regaining normal dentin.
Highlights
Preservation of pulp vitality is a major concern in contemporary restorative dentistry
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) were identified morphologically by their ability to adhere to culture plates in addition to resemblance to fibroblasts with the characteristic spindle shape of cells
Results of DPSCS - Odontogenic Differentiation Potential. This part was conducted to evaluate the capacity of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to differentiate into odontoblast-like cells under the influence of an odontogenic medium
Summary
Preservation of pulp vitality is a major concern in contemporary restorative dentistry. In 1920, calcium hydroxide Ca(OH) was introduced to the dental profession and remains the “gold standard” of direct pulp capping materials for several decades because of its antibacterial properties and its ability to stimulate reparative dentin formation [3]. When the stimuli to the pulp are strong enough and or rapidly progressing, the terminally differentiated odontoblasts lack the ability to proliferate and to replace injured odontoblasts or to produce new dentin [5]. Such clinical challenges make it necessary to look at innovative alternative treatment modalities
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