Abstract
Tendon injuries are common and debilitating, with non-regenerative healing often resulting in chronic disease. While there has been considerable progress in identifying the cellular and molecular regulators of tendon healing, the role of inflammation in tendon healing is less well understood. While inflammation underlies chronic tendinopathy, it also aids debris clearance and signals tissue repair. Here, we highlight recent findings in this area, focusing on the cells and cytokines involved in reparative inflammation. We also discuss findings from other model systems when research in tendon is minimal, and explore recent studies in the treatment of human tendinopathy to glean further insights into the immunobiology of tendon healing.
Highlights
Tendons are connective tissues that facilitate movement by transmitting muscle forces to the skeleton
A more recent high-quality randomized control trial of a single treatment of Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) among adults with acute Achilles tendon rupture showed no difference in primary or secondary outcomes when compared to placebo (D’Hooghe and Vinagre, 2020)
Unlike other tissues tendons heal by scarring with poor functional outcomes
Summary
Reviewed by: Nathaniel Dyment, University of Pennsylvania, United States Scott Rodeo, Hospital for Special Surgery, United States. Specialty section: This article was submitted to Tissue Engineering and Regenerative. A section of the journal Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. Reparative and Maladaptive Inflammation in Tendon Healing. Tendon injuries are common and debilitating, with non-regenerative healing often resulting in chronic disease. While there has been considerable progress in identifying the cellular and molecular regulators of tendon healing, the role of inflammation in tendon healing is less well understood. While inflammation underlies chronic tendinopathy, it aids debris clearance and signals tissue repair. We highlight recent findings in this area, focusing on the cells and cytokines involved in reparative inflammation. We discuss findings from other model systems when research in tendon is minimal, and explore recent studies in the treatment of human tendinopathy to glean further insights into the immunobiology of tendon healing
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