Abstract
The quality of service (QoS) and lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are severely degraded by coverage holes generated by random deployment or battery exhaustion of sensors. This work firstly introduces a novel confident information coverage CIC) model to dramatically reduce the density of sensor nodes and accurately detect confident information coverage holes (CICHs). Then, the problem of repairing confident information coverage holes (RCICHs) for big data collection in a large-scale heterogeneous WSN (LS-HWSN) which widely spreads over a geographic area with thousands of stationary sensor nodes and mobile sensor nodes is formulated, called as RCICH problem, which is to effectively repair CICHs considering that the transmitted data velocity of sensor nodes is different. Furthermore, we prove it to be NP-completeness. The target of the problem is to find a subset of mobile sensor nodes from all mobile sensor nodes while minimizing the amount of lost throughputs LTs) of all dispatched mobile sensor nodes or maximizing the amount of repairing transmission times (RTTs) for all dispatched mobile sensor nodes, with different objectives. Finally, based on the CIC model and the data-centric perspective, two heuristic schemes including a centralized dispatch scheme and a distributed dispatch scheme are proposed to effectively solve the RCICH problem. Simulation results show that the proposed schemes effectively repair CICHs while increasing the QoS and lifetime of the LS-HWSN with the topology control of a fan-shaped clustering (FSC) protocol.
Highlights
A hybrid WSN consists of two types of sensor nodes including mobile sensor nodes and stationary sensor nodes which are deployed in a geographic area to monitor the environment
In order to solve the RCICH problem, from the data-centric perspective, we present two heuristic schemes including a centralized dispatch scheme and a distributed dispatch scheme to effectively repair CICHs while minimizing LTs of all dispatched mobile sensor nodes or maximizing the RTTs for all dispatched mobile sensor nodes during the repairing time
NP-COMPLETENESS OF THE RCICH PROBLEM Given a set of CICHs H and a set of mobile sensor node M, we define the decision version of the RCICH problem is whether there is a feasible movement schedule for M to arrive to the CICHs in H such that the CICHs can be repaired while meeting some requirements of energy cost
Summary
A hybrid WSN consists of two types of sensor nodes including mobile sensor nodes and stationary sensor nodes which are deployed in a geographic area to monitor the environment (such as building monitoring, earthquake detection, weather forecasting, and traffic monitoring [1], [2]). In our work, based on the novel CIC model [23], the wide geographic area can be effectively covered by dispatching mobile sensor nodes to heal CICHs in a LS-HWSN. From the data-centric perspective, we present two heuristic solutions including a centralized dispatch scheme and a distributed dispatch scheme to effectively dispatch mobile sensor nodes to heal CICHs. The novelties and contributions of this work are summarized as follows. We consider the RCICH problem for big data collection in a LS-HWSN which is composed by a large number of mobile and stationary sensor nodes that are deployed in a wide geographic area. Last but not the least, simulation results validate that the proposed schemes effectively repair CICHs with dramatically enhancing the QoS of the LS-HWSN while decreasing the LTs of all dispatched mobile sensor nodes and extending the network lifetime while increasing RTTs of all dispatched mobile sensor nodes significantly.
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