Abstract
We aimed to analyze the effect of CSN1S2 protein in Etawah crossbred goat milk and yogurt on the histopathology of the jejunum and the amount of cell damage in Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats. The rats were divided into six groups: the untreated control rats (C), control rats were given CSN1S2 protein from Etawah crossbred goat milk (CM) or yogurt (CY), RA rats, RA rats given CSN1S2 protein from Etawah crossbred goat milk (RAM) or yogurt (RAY). Hematoxylin-eosin staining was conducted for the histopathological analysis of jejunum. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA (a significance value of p ≤ 0.05) followed by the Tukey test. Our study observed that the control, CM, and CY group have a normal histological structure of jejunum. The damage to the jejunum structure was reported in the RA group. The milk CSN1S2 protein was able to improve the structure of jejunum villi and increase the normal cell number in the jejunum of the RA group, similar to control. The RAY group showed an impaired jejunum structure and a high number of necrotic cells as in the RA group.
Highlights
Sufferers in Indonesia in 2013 reached 45.59%
Previous research found a specific protein at 36 kDa molecular weight in Etawah crossbred goat milk and yogurt that identified as CSN1S2 protein [14]
The treatment of CSN1S2 protein from Etawah crossbred goat milk or yogurt into the control rats resulted in a similar jejunum tissue structure as in the control group
Summary
Sufferers in Indonesia in 2013 reached 45.59%. This value raised from the previous year, which was 29.35% in 2011 and 39.47% in 2012 [1]. Previous research stated that RA is associated with the inflammation of the intestine [4,5]. The autoreactivity of T cells is caused by an imbalance of normal intestinal microflora. This condition can be caused by the presence of adjuvant induction [5]. Previous studies reported that RA disease induced by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) caused damage to the villi structure of ileum [8]. Previous research found a specific protein at 36 kDa molecular weight in Etawah crossbred goat milk and yogurt that identified as CSN1S2 protein [14]. Further research is needed to investigate whether the CSN1S2 protein of Etawah crossbred goat milk and yogurt improves the jejunum of CFA-induced RA rats
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