Abstract
Cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of nanostructured hydroxyapatite (nanoHAp) are dependent on its physical parameters. Therefore, an understanding of both surface chemistry and morphology of nanoHAp is needed in order to be able to anticipate its in vivo behavior. The aim of this paper is to characterize an engineered nanoHAp in terms of physico-chemical properties, biocompatibility, and its capability to reconstitute the orbital wall fractures in rabbits. NanoHAp was synthesized using a high pressure hydrothermal method and characterized by physico-chemical, structural, morphological, and optical techniques. X-ray diffraction revealed HAp crystallites of 21 nm, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images showed spherical shapes of HAp powder. Mean particle size of HAp measured by DLS technique was 146.3 nm. Biocompatibility was estimated by the effect of HAp powder on the adhesion and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in culture. The results showed that cell proliferation on powder-coated slides was between 73.4% and 98.3% of control cells (cells grown in normal culture conditions). Computed tomography analysis of the preformed nanoHAp implanted in orbital wall fractures, performed at one and two months postoperative, demonstrated the integration of the implants in the bones. In conclusion, our engineered nanoHAp is stable, biocompatible, and may be safely considered for reconstruction of orbital wall fractures.
Highlights
Bone graft materials are widely used for filling bone defects, mostly by orthopedists and oral surgeons; the indications are variable, ranging form fractures to tumors
Nanomaterials 2016, 6, 11 such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), titanium, hydroxyapatite, polydioxanone, and polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid implants have been used for the reconstruction of orbital fractures [1,2,3,4]
We report here the synthesis of nanostructured HAp using our previous experience in this field of hydrothermal method in high pressure conditions [30,31,32,33,34], for reconstruction of the orbital wall fractures
Summary
Bone graft materials are widely used for filling bone defects, mostly by orthopedists and oral surgeons; the indications are variable, ranging form fractures to tumors. Nanomaterials 2016, 6, 11 such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE), titanium, hydroxyapatite, polydioxanone, and polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid implants have been used for the reconstruction of orbital fractures [1,2,3,4]. There is still no implant able to substitute the functional properties of missing or diseased bone and to sustain and assist cell proliferation and anchorage to the existing bone [8]. Once these requirements are achieved, they will lead to osseointegration and will ensure optimal biomechanical properties of the bone/biomaterial implant [8,9,10]
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