Abstract
BackgroudBone tissue engineering is a new approach for the repair of orbital defects. The aim of the present study was to explore the feasibility of tissue-engineered bone constructed using bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) that were rapidly isolated and concentrated from bone marrow (BM) by the red cell lysis method, then combined with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) to create grafts used to restore orbital bone defects in canines.MethodsIn the experimental group, grafts were constructed using BMSCs obtained by red cell lysis from 20 ml bone marrow, combined with β-TCP and BM via the custom-made stem cell-scaffold device, then used to repair 10 mm diameter medial orbital wall bony defects in canines. Results were compared with those in groups grafted with BM/β-TCP or β-TCP alone, or with defects left untreated as controls. The enrichment of BMSCs and nucleated cells (NCs) in the graft was calculated from the number in untreated bone marrow and in suspensions after red cell lysis. Spiral computed tomography (CT) scans were performed 1, 4, 12 and 24 weeks after implantation in all groups. Gross examination, micro-CT and histological measurements were performed 24 weeks after surgery. The results were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of bone repair.ResultsThe number of NCs and of colony-forming units within the scaffolds were increased 54.8 times and 53.4 times, respectively, compared with untreated bone marrow. In the BMSC-BM/β-TCP group, CT examination revealed that the scaffolds were gradually absorbed and the bony defects were restored. Micro-CT and histological examination confirmed that the implantations led to good repair of the defects, with 6 out 8 orbital defects completely restored in the experimental group, while by contrast, the grafts in the control groups did not fully repair the bony defects, a difference which was statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionsTissue-engineered bone, constructed using BMSCs isolated by red cell lysis of BM, can restore critical-sized orbital wall defects in canines.
Highlights
Orbital bone defects can occur as a result of facial trauma, tumor invasion, congenital malformation, or inflammatory disease, and often lead to impairment of visual function and deformity of facial appearance
The overall objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the potential of the constructed tissue-engineered bone; (2) to examine the increase in the numbers of nucleated cells (NCs) and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) infused in the β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP); (3) to investigate the effectiveness of this technique in repairing orbital wall defects
There were no cases of hemorrhage or infection around the incisions, and swelling disappeared within 2 weeks postoperatively
Summary
Orbital bone defects can occur as a result of facial trauma, tumor invasion, congenital malformation, or inflammatory disease, and often lead to impairment of visual function and deformity of facial appearance. Considered as the ‘gold standard’ for bone defect repair, autologous and allogenous bone grafting is limited by certain disadvantages, such as donor site morbidity, pathogen transfer, and long recovery period [4,5]. To overcome these issues, tissue engineering has proven to be a promising approach for the restoration of orbital bone defects [6,7,8,9,10,11]
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