Abstract

Out-of-plane distortion-induced fatigue cracking is caused by relative rotation and displacement between longitudinal girders and transverse members framing into these girders. This paper describes distortion-induced cracking observed in Kansas Department of Transportation bridges, reviews the current design details used for connecting transverse and longitudinal members, summarizes different approaches that have been used during former repair practice, and presents case studies of three representative bridges that are under current investigation.

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