Renoprotective effects of the ginger (Zingiber officinale) on Diabetic kidney disease, current knowledge and future direction: a systematic review of animal studies

Abstract

ObjectiveDiabetic kidney disease affects approximately 40% of diabetic patients and is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) worldwide. As a result, preventing renal complications in diabetic patients is critical. Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosco) is a popular spice and natral medicine. The present study was a systematic review focused on the existing evidence of the renoprotective effect of ginger extract on some features of diabetic kidney disease.MethodsThe literature was searched in online databases such as PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, ProQuest databases, and Google Scholar from inception to July 2022.ResultsThis review included 41 articles that met the eligibility criteria. Ginger supplementation was found to be associated with a significant decrease in blood glucose in 28 studies. Nine studies showed a significant reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) after supplementation. Also, seventeen studies showed decreased serum levels of creatinine. Fifteen studies reported a decrease in total cholesterol (TC) and fourteen studies showed a lowered triglycerides (TG) concentrations. In twenty-six studies, ginger reduced renal injuries due to diabetes.ConclusionGinger may improve blood sugar indices, lipid profile, some inflammatory markers, oxidative stress, and pathologic injuries in diabetic kidney disease. However, future well-designed clinical trials and meta-analyses are required for a solid consensus.