Renewable energy supplying strategy for a greenhouse based on the water-energy-economy nexus

Abstract

Nowadays, global population growth has raised issues regarding food production worldwide and greenhouses can play a critical role in addressing this issue. They increase agricultural productivity by creating controlled environmental conditions. In this research, a novel approach regarding optimizing greenhouse energy use in Iran, focusing on employing renewable energy sources is presented. It explores five cities of Tehran, Tabriz, Rasht, Bandar Abbas, and Yazd - to identify the most suitable location for a renewable-energy-driven greenhouse. The study integrates thermal modeling for environmental control within the greenhouse and calculates the required heating and cooling load which are supplied using renewable-energy driven components. The research assesses each location based on energy and water consumption, environmental impact, and cost by employing multi-criteria decision-making methods. The findings reveal Yazd, a city with hot and dry weather, as the most energy-efficient location, having 190.9 MW h of electricity consumption as well as the lowest amount of fuel consumption (18.32 Tons), while Bandar Abbas, having hot and humid weather, stands out for minimal water usage which is 2.76 m3. Therefore, it can be concluded that, this type of renewable-energy driven greenhouse would be much suitable for cities with hot and dry weather condition.