Abstract
The Kyoto Protocol and the EU’s Renewable Energy Directive [1] are the World and the EU’s legal regulations, which put pressure on most of the countries to extensive use of renewable energy sources (RES), in exchange for a reduction of energy from conventional sources. The main goal of the legal regulations is to reduce greenhouse gas emission. In European Union, from 1990 till 2014, share of the renewable energy sources has increased about 173% [2]. The data show that RES share in energy mix is increasing, and still has to increase. Therefore, all European’s countries are obligated to build new RES installations and to improve the efficiency of existing installations. That is the reason of that paper. In this article, on the base of own field research carried out in Germany and in Poland, author presents two alternative methods of energy obtaining, in which former mining excavations are used. In first method the excavations are adapted as the elements of the hydroelectric power stations and in second method they are used as a source of geothermal energy. In the end of the paper, author presents the proposals for the implementation of similar solutions in Poland.
Highlights
The directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and Council says “The control of European energy consumption and the increased use of energy from renewable sources, together with energy savings and increased energy efficiency, constitute important parts of the package of measures needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and comply with the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and with further Community and international greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments beyond 2012
In years 1990-2014 share of solid fuels in energy productionhas decreasedabout 60%, and share of renewable energy sources (RES) has increased about 173%
It has been counted that annual savings, w arise from the use of heat pumps can reach 66,8 thousand PLN, so the investment should be recouped after 5-6 years (Table 3)
Summary
The directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and Council says “The control of European energy consumption and the increased use of energy from renewable sources, together with energy savings and increased energy efficiency, constitute important parts of the package of measures needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and comply with the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, and with further Community and international greenhouse gas emission reduction commitments beyond 2012 Those factors have an important part to play in promoting the security of energy supply, promoting technological development and innovation and providing opportunities for employment and regional development, especially in rural and isolated areas” [1]. The former mine excavations can be adapted as hydroelectric power stations. That type of hydroelectric power station is well known in surface space, but not in mines’ excavations
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